Consequences of physical distancing emanating from the COVID-19 pandemic: An Australian perspective

The sobering reality of the COVID-19 pandemic is that it has brought people together at home at a time when we want them apart in the community. This will bring both benefits and challenges. It will affect people differently based upon their age, health status, resilience, family support structures, and socio-economic background. This article will assess the impact in high income countries like Australia, where the initial wave of infection placed the elderly at the greatest risk of death whilst the protective measures of physical distancing, self-isolation, increased awareness of hygiene practices, and school closures with distance learning has had considerable impact on children and families acutely and may have ramifications for years to come.     

健康宣教联合心理护理在腰椎间盘突出症患者围术期的应用效果分析

目的探讨健康宣教联合心理护理在腰椎间盘突出症(LDH)患者围术期的应用效果。方法选取我院2018年6月至2019年6月实施手术治疗的90例LDH患者,随机分为观察组(n=45)和对照组(n=45)。对照组采用常规围术期护理,观察组在对照组基础上采用健康宣教联合心理护理。比较两组患者的SDS、 SAS、 VAS、 JOA评分以及护理满意度。结果护理7d后,观察组的SDS、 SAS评分均显著低于对照组(P <0.05);术后3个月,观察组的VAS评分显著低于对照组,JOA评分显著高于对照组(P均<0.05)。观察组的护理满意度显著高于对照组(P <0.05)。结论健康宣教联合心理护理应用于LDH患者围术期,能够减少患者的焦虑和抑郁情绪,缓解疼痛,提升护理满意度。     

Right inferior frontal gyrus: An integrative hub in tonal bilinguals

Right hemispheric dominance in tonal bilingualism is still controversial. In this study, we investigated hemispheric dominance in 30 simultaneous Bai‐Mandarin tonal bilinguals and 28 Mandarin monolinguals using multimodal neuroimaging. Resting‐state functional connectivity (RSFC) analysis was first performed to reveal the changes of functional connections within the language‐related network. Voxel‐based morphology (VBM) and tract‐based spatial statistics (TBSS) analyses were then used to identify bilinguals' alterations in gray matter volume (GMV) and fractional anisotropy (FA) of white matter, respectively. RSFC analyses revealed significantly increased functional connections of the right pars‐orbital part of the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) with right caudate, right pars‐opercular part of IFG, and left inferior temporal gyrus in Bai‐Mandarin bilinguals compared to monolinguals. VBM and TBSS analyses further identified significantly greater GMV in right pars‐triangular IFG and increased FA in right superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF) in bilinguals than in monolinguals. Taken together, these results demonstrate the integrative role of the right IFG in tonal language processing of bilinguals. Our findings suggest that the intrinsic language network in simultaneous tonal bilinguals differs from that of monolinguals in terms of both function and structure.     

Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) as an adverse event following immunization (AEFI): Case definition & guidelines for data collection,analysis, and presentation of immunization safety data

This is a Brighton Collaboration case definition of the term “Sensorineural Hearing Loss” to be utilized in the evaluation of adverse events following immunization. The case definition was developed by a group of experts convened by the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI) in the context of active development of vaccines for Lassa Fever and other emerging pathogens. The case definition format of the Brighton Collaboration was followed to develop a consensus definition and define levels of diagnostic certainty, after an exhaustive review of the literature and expert consultation. The document underwent peer review by the Brighton Collaboration Network.     

Altered inter‐ and intrahemispheric functional connectivity dynamics in autistic children

Emerging evidence has associated autism spectrum disorder (ASD) with static functional connectivity abnormalities between multiple brain regions. However, the temporal dynamics of intra‐ and interhemispheric functional connectivity patterns remain unknown in ASD. Resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging data were analyzed for 105 ASD and 102 demographically matched typically developing control (TC) children (age range: 7–12 years) available from the Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange database. Whole‐brain functional connectivity was decomposed into ipsilateral and contralateral functional connectivity, and sliding‐window analysis was utilized to capture the intra‐ and interhemispheric dynamic functional connectivity density (dFCD) patterns. The temporal variability of the functional connectivity dynamics was further quantified using the standard deviation (SD) of intra‐ and interhemispheric dFCD across time. Finally, a support vector regression model was constructed to assess the relationship between abnormal dFCD variance and autism symptom severity. Both intra‐ and interhemispheric comparisons showed increased dFCD variability in the anterior cingulate cortex/medial prefrontal cortex and decreased variability in the fusiform gyrus/inferior temporal gyrus in autistic children compared with TC children. Autistic children additionally showed lower intrahemispheric dFCD variability in sensorimotor regions including the precentral/postcentral gyrus. Moreover, aberrant temporal variability of the contralateral dFCD predicted the severity of social communication impairments in autistic children. These findings demonstrate altered temporal dynamics of the intra‐ and interhemispheric functional connectivity in brain regions incorporating social brain network of ASD, and highlight the potential role of abnormal interhemispheric communication dynamics in neural substrates underlying impaired social processing in ASD.     

基于动态优化算法的复杂生物网络的状态调控

近年研究表明,某些药物能改变基因调控网络(GRNs)中的调控反应参数,促使细胞从病变状态转移到正常状态。在此基础上,有学者构建了基于吸引子和分岔理论的状态调控框架。现有的控制策略中,控制信号规律都是自行拟定的,并且所使用的参数扰动法仅能求出单控制变量情况下状态转移所需的时间。因此,针对以非线性常微分方程组(ODEs)形式描述的复杂生物网络,本文提出了一种基于动态优化算法改变网络状态的最优调控方法,在掌握生物网络基本特性的基础上建立了动态优化问题,并以简单低维的三节点GRN和复杂高维的癌症GRN为例,利用MATLAB计算得到单控制变量及多控制变量条件下的最优控制策略。本文所提方法旨在实现精确且快速的状态调控,为试验研究和实际治疗提供参考依据。     

药物联合心理剧治疗对女性抑郁症患者抑郁、自尊、心理资本的影响

目的 探索药物联合心理剧治疗对女性抑郁症患者抑郁情绪、自尊、心理资本的影响，为女性抑郁症的临床治疗提供更多可能性。方法 纳入在重庆医科大学附属第一医院精神科就诊的、符合《国际疾病分类（第10版）》（ICD-10）诊断标准的女性抑郁症患者共50例，采用随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组各25例。在一线抗抑郁药物治疗的基础上，对观察组予以每两月一次、每次四天，共三次易术心理剧治疗，对照组接受一般健康教育。于干预前和干预6个月结束时采用贝克抑郁量表（BDI）、自尊量表（SES）及积极心理资本问卷（PPQ）对两组患者进行评定。结果 ①重复测量方差分析结果显示，抑郁情绪、自尊、心理资本及其各维度在时间测量与分组干预交互作用方面具有统计学意义（P均<0.05）。②简单效应分析结果显示，干预前，观察组及对照组在抑郁情绪、自尊、心理资本及其各维度评分差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）；干预6个月后，两组患者抑郁情绪、自尊、心理资本及其各维度评分差异均有统计学意义（P均<0.05）。结论 抗抑郁药物联合心理剧治疗可能有助于改善女性抑郁症患者抑郁情绪、自尊及心理资本，且其效果较抗抑郁药物联合一般健康教育更好。     

新冠肺炎疫情下失眠人群心理特征及失眠的相关因素

目的 调查新冠肺炎疫情下失眠人群的心理特征及失眠的相关因素，为改善失眠人群心理健康状况提供参考。方法 采用阿森斯失眠量表（AIS）于2020年1月-3月对某市居民进行测评，AIS评分>6分者为失眠组（n=216），AIS评分<4分者为非失眠组（n=105），采用症状自评量表（SCL-90）对两组居民进行评定，并收集其社会人口学资料。结果 失眠组SCL-90的躯体化、人际关系敏感、敌对、恐怖及精神病性因子评分均高于非失眠组（Z=2.035~2.323，P均<0.05）。Spearman相关分析显示，失眠组AIS总评分与SCL-90的强迫症状、人际关系敏感及偏执因子评分均呈正相关（r=0.153、0.140、0.159，P均<0.05）。结论 新冠肺炎疫情下，失眠人群存在躯体化、人际关系敏感、敌对、恐怖及精神病性等心理问题，其失眠的严重程度与强迫、人际关系敏感及偏执等相关。